方法1：滚动重启

从1.15版开始，Kubernetes允许您滚动重启部署。作为Kubernetes的新增功能，这是最快的重启方法。

kubectl rollout restart deployment [deployment_name]

上面提到的命令将逐步执行关闭操作，并重新启动deployment中的每个pod容器。在重启过程中应用仍然可用，因为大多数容器仍在运行。

方法2：使用环境变量

另一种方法是设置或更改环境变量，以强制Pod重新启动并与您所做的更改同步。

例如，可以更改容器部署日期：

kubectl set env deployment [deployment_name] DEPLOY_DATE="$(date)"

在上面的示例中，该命令set env设置环境变量的更改，deployment [deployment_name]选择您的部署，并DEPLOY_DATE="$(date)"更改部署日期。

方法3：缩放副本数

我们可以使用该scale命令来更改deployment的副本数。将此数量设置为0实际上会关闭容器：

kubectl scale deployment [deployment_name] --replicas=0

要重新启动Pod，请使用相同的命令将副本数设置为大于零的任何值：

kubectl scale deployment [deployment_name] --replicas=1

将副本数设置为0时，Kubernetes会销毁副本。

将数字设置为大于0后，Kubernetes将创建新副本。新副本的名称将与旧副本的名称不同。您可以使用该命令kubectl get pods检查pod的状态，并查看新名称。

上面我们是通过(kubectl rollout重新启动) ，部署创建新的副本，并等待它们启动，然后删除旧的pods，并重新路由流量。服务将不间断地继续。接下来使用cronjob命令配合rollout restart每天定时重启动pod。

在开始之前必须先设置RBAC，以便从集群内部运行的Kubernetes client具有对Kubernetes API执行所需调用的权限。

---
# Service account the client will use to reset the deployment,
# by default the pods running inside the cluster can do no such things.
kind: ServiceAccount
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: deployment-restart
  namespace: <YOUR NAMESPACE>
---
# allow getting status and patching only the one deployment you want
# to restart
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: deployment-restart
  namespace: <YOUR NAMESPACE>
rules:
  - apiGroups: ["apps", "extensions"]
    resources: ["deployments"]
    resourceNames: ["<YOUR DEPLOYMENT NAME>"]
    verbs: ["get", "patch", "list", "watch"] # "list" and "watch" are only needed
                                             # if you want to use `rollout status`
---
# bind the role to the service account
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: deployment-restart
  namespace: <YOUR NAMESPACE>
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: deployment-restart
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: deployment-restart
    namespace: <YOUR NAMESPACE>

cronjob配置:

apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: deployment-restart
  namespace: <YOUR NAMESPACE>
spec:
  concurrencyPolicy: Forbid
  schedule: '0 8 * * *' # cron spec of time, here, 8 o'clock
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      backoffLimit: 2 # this has very low chance of failing, as all this does
                      # is prompt kubernetes to schedule new replica set for
                      # the deployment
      activeDeadlineSeconds: 600 # timeout, makes most sense with 
                                 # "waiting for rollout" variant specified below
      template:
        spec:
          serviceAccountName: deployment-restart # name of the service
                                                 # account configured above
          restartPolicy: Never
          containers:
            - name: kubectl
              image: bitnami/kubectl # probably any kubectl image will do,
                                     # optionaly specify version, but this
                                     # should not be necessary, as long the
                                     # version of kubectl is new enough to
                                     # have `rollout restart`
              command:
                - 'kubectl'
                - 'rollout'
                - 'restart'
                - 'deployment/<YOUR DEPLOYMENT NAME>'

如果希望cronjob等待部署完成，可以将cronjob命令更改为:

command:
 - bash
 - -c
 - >-
   kubectl rollout restart deployment/<YOUR DEPLOYMENT NAME> &&
   kubectl rollout status deployment/<YOUR DEPLOYMENT NAME>